Unix commands

Unix commands reference card

Environment Control
Command Description

cd d Change to directory d

mkdir d Create new directory d

rmdir d Remove directory d

mv f1 [f2...] d Move file f to directory d

mv d1 d2 Rename directory d1 as d2

passwd Change password

alias name1 name2 Create command alias (csh/tcsh)

alias name1="name2" Create command alias (ksh/bash)

unalias name1[na2...] Remove command alias na

ssh nd Login securely to remote node

exit End terminal session

setenv name v Set env var to value v (csh/tcsh)

export name="v" set environment variable to value v (ksh/bash)



Output, Communication, & Help
Command Description

lpr -P printer f
or
lp -d printer f Output file f to line printer

script [f] Save terminal session to f

exit Stop saving terminal session

mailx username Send mail to user

man name Unix manual entry for name


Process Control
Command Description

CTRL/c * Interrupt processes

CTRL/s * Stop screen scrolling

CTRL/q * Resume screen output

sleep n Sleep for n seconds

jobs Print list of jobs

kill % Kill job n

ps Print process status stats

kill -9 n Remove process n

CTRL/z * Suspend current process

stop %n Suspend background job n

cmmd& Run cmmd in background

bg [%n] Resume background job n

fg [%n] Resume foreground job n

exit Exit from shell

Environment Status
Command Description

ls [d] [f...] List files in directory

ls -1 [f...] List files in detail

alias [name] Display command aliases

printenv [name] Print environment values

quota Display disk quota

date Print date & time

who List logged in users

whoami Display current user

finger [username] Output user information

chfn Change finger information

pwd Print working directory

history Display recent commands

! n Submit recent command n

File Manipulation
Command Description

vi [f] Vi fullscreen editor

emacs [f] Emacs fullscreen editor

ed [f] Text editor

wc f Line, word, & char count

cat f List contents of file

more f List file contents by screen

cat f1 f2 >f3 Concatenates f1 & f2 into f3

chmod mode f Change protection mode of f

cmp f1 f2 Compare two files

cp f1 f2 Copy file f1 into f2

sort f Alphabetically sort f

split [-n] f Split f into n-line pieces

mv f1 f2 Rename file f1 as f2

rm f Delete (remove) file f

grep 'ptn' f Outputs lines that match ptn

diff f1 f2 Lists file differences

head f Output beginning of f

tail f Output end of f

Compiler
Command Description

cc [-o f1] f2 C compiler

lint f Check C code for errors

f77 [-o f1] f2 Fortran77 compiler

pc [-o f1] f2 Pascal compiler

Working with NFS files
Files saved on the UITS central Unix computers Steel, the Parallel PC cluster, Solar/Lunar, and the Research SP are stored on the Network File Server (NFS). That means that your files are really on one disk, in directories named for the central Unix hosts on which you have accounts.
No matter which of these computers you are logged into, you can get to your files on any of the others. Here are the commands to use to get to any system directory from any other system:
cd /N/u/username/PPPC/
cd /N/u/username/Cobalt/
cd /N/u/username/Solar/
cd /N/u/username/Steel/
cd /n/u/username/SP/
Be sure you use the capitalization just as you see above, and substitute your own username for "username".
For example, if Jessica Rabbit is logged into her account on Steel, and wants to get a file on her SP account, she would enter:
cd /N/u/jrabbit/SP/
Now when she lists her files, she'll see her SP files, even though she's actually logged into Steel.
You can use the ordinary Unix commands to move files, copy files, or make symbolic links between files. For example, if Jessica Rabbit wanted to move "file1" from her Steel directory to her SP directory, she would enter:
mv -i /N/u/jrabbit/Steel/file1 /N/u/jrabbit/SP/
This shared file system means that you can access, for example, your SP files even when you are logged into Steel, and vice versa. However, if you are logged into the SP, you can only use the software installed on SP -- only users' directories are linked together, not system directories.

Abbreviations used in this document

CTRL/x hold down control key and press x

d directory

env environment

f filename

n number

nd computer node

prtr printer

ptn pattern

var variable

[y/n] yes or no

[] optional arg

... list



http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/unix/unix_cmd.html

http://www.computerhope.com/unix.htm

http://oracle.oreilly.com/news/unix_oracle_0101.html

http://www.ss64.com/ora/index.html

http://www.ss64.com/bash/index.html

http://www.oracle-base.com/dba/DBACategories.php


http://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=305918&tstart=0
http://viu.eng.rpi.edu/lab/1/s1_4.html

The most frequently used commands in UNIX/LINUX
Submitted by prasannakrao on Tue, 04/13/2004 - 10:54. General Interest | Quick Tips & Newbies
The following are the most frequently used commands in UNIX/LINUX:
01. "cd" - used to change directory
E.g.: cd /home/oracle - this will go inside the "/home/oracle" directory
The "chdir" command also does the same
02. "mkdir" - used to create a directory
E.g.: mkdir /home/oracle - this will create the "/home/oracle" directory
The "chdir" command also does the same
03. "ls" - used to list the contents of any directory
E.g.: ls /home/oracle - this will list the contents of the "/home/oracle" directory
04. "cp" - used to copy files
E.g.: cp /home/oracle/1.txt /home - this will copy the file "/home/oracle/1.txt" into the directory "/home"
05. "mv" - used to move files
E.g.: mv /home/oracle/1.txt /home - this will move the file "/home/oracle/1.txt" into the directory "/home"
06. "rm" - used to remove/delete a file
E.g.: rm /home/oracle/1.txt - this will remove the file "/home/oracle/1.txt"
07. "clear" - used to clear the screen
08. "pwd" - used to display the current working directory (pwd=print working dir)
09. "chmod" - used to change the permission of a file
E.g.: chmod 755 /home/oracle/1.txt - this will give all the rights except the right to edit the file 1.txt
10. "man" - provides in depth information about the requested command (man=manual)
E.g.: man pwd - this will show the online manual on the command `pwd`
11. "vi" - invokes the vi editor (vi=visual)
E.g.: vi /home/oracle/1.txt - this will invoke the vi editor for editing the file 1.txt
12. "ps" - lists the processes that are currently running
13. "find" - used to locate a particular file/folder
E.g.: find /home/oracle -type f -name 1.txt - this will look for the file 1.txt under the /home/oracle folder
14. "touch" - used to change file access and modification time or create a new file
E.g.: touch /home/oracle/1.txt - this will create a new file named 1.txt if not already present. Else, it will change the file access time
15. "more" - used to display text one screen at a time, from a file
E.g.: more /home/oracle/1.txt - this will display the contents of 1.txt one screen at a time
16. "cat" - usually used to look at the contents of a file
E.g.: cat /home/oracle/1.txt - this will display the contents of 1.txt
17. "cal" - used to display the calendar for a month and year
18. "date" - used to display the current system date
19. "exit" - used to exit from a program or shell
20. "who" - used to see which user is connected to the system